2021-03-02 12:31:02
最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件
适用法律问题的解释（一）
Supreme People's Court's Interpretation upon Law Application of Construction Contract Disputes (1)
（2020年12月25日最高人民法院审判委员会第1825次会议通过，自2021年1月1日起施行）
(Adopted at the 1,825th meeting of the judicial committee of the Supreme People's Court on December 25, 2020 and effective as of January 1, 2021)
为正确审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件，依法保护当事人合法权益，维护建筑市场秩序，促进建筑市场健康发展，根据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国建筑法》《中华人民共和国招标投标法》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等相关法律规定，结合审判实践，制定本解释。
In order to correctly hear the construction contract dispute cases, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, maintain the order of the construction market, and promote the healthy development of the construction market, according to the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, the Construction Law of the People's Republic of China, the Bidding Law of the People's Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the people's Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with the trial Practice, enact this interpretation.
第一条 建设工程施工合同具有下列情形之一的，应当依据民法典第一百五十三条第一款的规定，认定无效：
（一）承包人未取得建筑业企业资质或者超越资质等级的；
（二）没有资质的实际施工人借用有资质的建筑施工企业名义的；
（三）建设工程必须进行招标而未招标或者中标无效的。
承包人因转包、违法分包建设工程与他人签订的建设工程施工合同，应当依据民法典第一百五十三条第一款及第七百九十一条第二款、第三款的规定，认定无效。
Article 1 a construction contract for a construction project shall be deemed invalid in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 153 of the Civil Code under any of the following circumstances:
（1） The Contractor fails to obtain the qualification of construction enterprise or exceeds the qualification level;
（2） The unqualified actual constructors borrow the name of qualified construction enterprises;
（3） A construction project must be tendered, but it is not tendered or is invalid to win the bid.
A construction contract signed by a contractor with others for subcontracting wholly or illegally partly subcontracting construction projects shall be deemed invalid in accordance with the provisions of Article 153 (1) and article 791 (2) and (3) of the Civil Code.
第二条 招标人和中标人另行签订的建设工程施工合同约定的工程范围、建设工期、工程质量、工程价款等实质性内容，与中标合同不一致，一方当事人请求按照中标合同确定权利义务的，人民法院应予支持。
招标人和中标人在中标合同之外就明显高于市场价格购买承建房产、无偿建设住房配套设施、让利、向建设单位捐赠财物等另行签订合同，变相降低工程价款，一方当事人以该合同背离中标合同实质性内容为由请求确认无效的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 2 if the scope of work, construction period, project quality, project price and other substantive contents stipulated in the construction contract of the construction project signed separately by the bid inviting party and the bid winning party are inconsistent with the bid winning contract, and one party requests to determine the rights and obligations in accordance with the bid winning contract, the people's court shall support it.
In addition to the winning contract, the tenderee and the winning bidder sign a separate contract for the purchase of the contracted real estate obviously higher than the market price, the construction of supporting housing facilities free of charge, the transfer of profits, and the donation of property to the construction unit, so as to reduce the project price in disguised form. If one party requests to confirm that the contract is invalid on the ground that it deviates from the substantive content of the contract awarded, the people's court shall support it.
第三条 当事人以发包人未取得建设工程规划许可证等规划审批手续为由，请求确认建设工程施工合同无效的，人民法院应予支持，但发包人在起诉前取得建设工程规划许可证等规划审批手续的除外。
发包人能够办理审批手续而未办理，并以未办理审批手续为由请求确认建设工程施工合同无效的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 3 the people's court shall support the party's request to confirm the invalidity of the construction contract of the construction project on the ground that the employer has not obtained the planning approval procedures such as the planning license of the construction project, except that the employer has obtained the planning approval procedures such as the planning license of the construction project before filing lawsuit.
If the employer is able to go through the examination and approval procedures but fails to do so, and requests to confirm the invalidity of the construction contract of the construction project on the ground of not going through the examination and approval procedures, the people's court will not support it.
第四条承包人超越资质等级许可的业务范围签订建设工程施工合同，在建设工程竣工前取得相应资质等级，当事人请求按照无效合同处理的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 4 if a contractor signs a construction contract beyond the business scope permitted by the qualification level and obtains the corresponding qualification level before the completion of the construction project, and the party concerned requests to be treated as an invalid contract, the people's court will not support it.
第五条具有劳务作业法定资质的承包人与总承包人、分包人签订的劳务分包合同，当事人请求确认无效的，人民法院依法不予支持。
Article 5 the people's court shall not support the labor subcontract signed between the contractor with legal qualification for labor operation and the general contractor or subcontractor if the party concerned requests to confirm it invalid.
第六条 建设工程施工合同无效，一方当事人请求对方赔偿损失的，应当就对方过错、损失大小、过错与损失之间的因果关系承担举证责任。
损失大小无法确定，一方当事人请求参照合同约定的质量标准、建设工期、工程价款支付时间等内容确定损失大小的，人民法院可以结合双方过错程度、过错与损失之间的因果关系等因素作出裁判。
Article 6 if a construction contract for a construction project is invalid and one party claims compensation from the other party, it shall bear the burden of proof for the fault of the other party, the size of the loss, and the causal relationship between the fault and the loss.
If the amount of loss cannot be determined and one party requests to determine the amount of loss by referring to the quality standard, construction period, payment time of project price, etc. as agreed in the contract, the people's court may make a judgment in combination with the fault degree of both parties, the causal relationship between fault and loss, etc.
第七条缺乏资质的单位或者个人借用有资质的建筑施工企业名义签订建设工程施工合同，发包人请求出借方与借用方对建设工程质量不合格等因出借资质造成的损失承担连带赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 7 If an unqualified unit or individual signs a construction contract in the name of a qualified construction enterprise, and the employer requests the lender and the borrower to bear joint and several liability for the losses caused by the unqualified quality of the construction project, the people's court shall support it.
第八条当事人对建设工程开工日期有争议的，人民法院应当分别按照以下情形予以认定：
（一）开工日期为发包人或者监理人发出的开工通知载明的开工日期；开工通知发出后，尚不具备开工条件的，以开工条件具备的时间为开工日期；因承包人原因导致开工时间推迟的，以开工通知载明的时间为开工日期。
（二）承包人经发包人同意已经实际进场施工的，以实际进场施工时间为开工日期。
（三）发包人或者监理人未发出开工通知，亦无相关证据证明实际开工日期的，应当综合考虑开工报告、合同、施工许可证、竣工验收报告或者竣工验收备案表等载明的时间，并结合是否具备开工条件的事实，认定开工日期。
Article 8 if the parties dispute the commencement date of a construction project, the people's court shall determine it in accordance with the following circumstances:
（1） The commencement date shall be the commencement date specified in the commencement notice issued by the employer or the supervisor; If the commencement conditions are not met after the issuance of the commencement notice, the time when the commencement conditions are met shall be the commencement date; if the commencement time is delayed due to the Contractor's reasons, the time specified in the commencement notice shall be the commencement date.
（2） If the contractor has actually entered the site for construction with the consent of the employer, the actual construction time shall be taken as the commencement date.
（3） If the employer or the supervisor fails to issue the notice of commencement and there is no relevant evidence to prove the actual commencement date, the commencement date shall be determined by comprehensively considering the time specified in the commencement report, contract, construction license, completion acceptance report or completion acceptance record form, and combining with the fact whether the commencement conditions are met.
第九条当事人对建设工程实际竣工日期有争议的，人民法院应当分别按照以下情形予以认定：
（一）建设工程经竣工验收合格的，以竣工验收合格之日为竣工日期；
（二）承包人已经提交竣工验收报告，发包人拖延验收的，以承包人提交验收报告之日为竣工日期；
（三）建设工程未经竣工验收，发包人擅自使用的，以转移占有建设工程之日为竣工日期。
Article 9 if the parties dispute the actual completion date of a construction project, the people's court shall determine it in accordance with the following circumstances:
（1） If a construction project passes the completion acceptance, the date of passing the completion acceptance shall be regarded as the completion date;
（2） If the contractor has submitted the completion acceptance report and the employer delays the acceptance, the date when the Contractor submits the acceptance report shall be regarded as the completion date;
（3） If the construction project is used by the employer without authorization without completion acceptance, the date of transfer of possession of the construction project shall be regarded as the completion date.
第十条当事人约定顺延工期应当经发包人或者监理人签证等方式确认，承包人虽未取得工期顺延的确认，但能够证明在合同约定的期限内向发包人或者监理人申请过工期顺延且顺延事由符合合同约定，承包人以此为由主张工期顺延的，人民法院应予支持。
当事人约定承包人未在约定期限内提出工期顺延申请视为工期不顺延的，按照约定处理，但发包人在约定期限后同意工期顺延或者承包人提出合理抗辩的除外。
Article 10 the extension of the construction period agreed by the parties shall be confirmed by the employer or the supervisor's visa. Although the contractor has not obtained the confirmation of the extension of the construction period, it can prove that he has applied for the extension of the construction period from the employer or the supervisor within the time limit agreed in the contract and the reasons for the extension are in line with the contract. If the contractor claims the extension of the construction period on this basis, the people's court shall support it.
If the parties agree that the Contractor fails to apply for extension of the construction period within the agreed time limit, it shall be deemed that the construction period is not extended, and it shall be dealt with in accordance with the agreement, except that the employer agrees to extend the construction period after the agreed time limit or the contractor proposes a reasonable defense.
第十一条建设工程竣工前，当事人对工程质量发生争议，工程质量经鉴定合格的，鉴定期间为顺延工期期间。
Article 11 before the completion of a construction project, if the parties dispute the quality of the project and the quality of the project has passed the appraisal, the appraisal period shall be the extended period.
第十二条因承包人的原因造成建设工程质量不符合约定，承包人拒绝修理、返工或者改建，发包人请求减少支付工程价款的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 12 if the quality of a construction project is not in conformity with the contract due to the reasons of the contractor, the contractor refuses to repair, rework or reconstruct, and the employer requests to reduce the project price, the people's court shall support it.
第十三条发包人具有下列情形之一，造成建设工程质量缺陷，应当承担过错责任：
（一）提供的设计有缺陷；
（二）提供或者指定购买的建筑材料、建筑构配件、设备不符合强制性标准；
（三）直接指定分包人分包专业工程。
承包人有过错的，也应当承担相应的过错责任。
Article 13 An employer shall be liable for its fault in one of the following circumstances, which causes the quality defects of a construction project:
（1） The design provided is defective;
（2） The building materials, building components and equipment provided or designated to be purchased do not meet the mandatory standards;
（3） Directly appoint the subcontractor to subcontract the professional project.
If the contractor is at fault, he shall also bear corresponding fault liability.
第十四条建设工程未经竣工验收，发包人擅自使用后，又以使用部分质量不符合约定为由主张权利的，人民法院不予支持；但是承包人应当在建设工程的合理使用寿命内对地基基础工程和主体结构质量承担民事责任。
Article 14 In case a construction project that has not been completed and accepted, and after the employer uses it without authorization, should the employer claims the right on the ground that the quality of the part used does not conform to the agreement, the people's court shall not support; however, the Contractor shall bear civil liability for the quality of the foundation project and the main structure within the reasonable service life of the construction project.
第十五条因建设工程质量发生争议的，发包人可以以总承包人、分包人和实际施工人为共同被告提起诉讼。
Article 15 in case of a dispute over the quality of a construction project, the developer may file a lawsuit with the general contractor, the subcontractor and the actual construction as co- defendants.
第十六条 发包人在承包人提起的建设工程施工合同纠纷案件中，以建设工程质量不符合合同约定或者法律规定为由，就承包人支付违约金或者赔偿修理、返工、改建的合理费用等损失提出反诉的，人民法院可以合并审理。
Article 16 in a case of dispute over a construction project contract brought by a contractor, if the developer files a counterclaim against the contractor for paying liquidated damages or compensating reasonable expenses for repair, rework or reconstruction on the ground that the quality of the construction project does not conform to the contract or the provisions of the law, the people's court may try the case jointly.
第十七条有下列情形之一，承包人请求发包人返还工程质量保证金的，人民法院应予支持：
（一）当事人约定的工程质量保证金返还期限届满；
（二）当事人未约定工程质量保证金返还期限的，自建设工程通过竣工验收之日起满二年；
（三）因发包人原因建设工程未按约定期限进行竣工验收的，自承包人提交工程竣工验收报告九十日后当事人约定的工程质量保证金返还期限届满；当事人未约定工程质量保证金返还期限的，自承包人提交工程竣工验收报告九十日后起满二年。
发包人返还工程质量保证金后，不影响承包人根据合同约定或者法律规定履行工程保修义务。
Article 17 under any of the following circumstances, the people's court shall support the Contractor's request for the employer to return the project quality deposit:
（1） The return period of project quality deposit agreed by the parties has expired;
（2） If the parties fail to agree on the time limit for the return of the project quality deposit, it shall be two years from the date when the construction project passes the completion acceptance;
（3） If the construction project fails to carry out the completion acceptance within the agreed time limit due to the employer's reasons, the return period of the project quality deposit agreed by the parties shall expire 90 days after the Contractor submits the project completion acceptance report; if the parties fail to agree on the return period of the project quality deposit, it shall be two years from 90 days after the Contractor submits the project completion acceptance report.
After the employer returns the project quality deposit, it will not affect the contractor to perform the project warranty obligations according to the contract or the law.
第十八条 因保修人未及时履行保修义务，导致建筑物毁损或者造成人身损害、财产损失的，保修人应当承担赔偿责任。
保修人与建筑物所有人或者发包人对建筑物毁损均有过错的，各自承担相应的责任。
Article 18 in case of damage to a building or personal injury or property loss due to the failure of the warranty holder to perform the warranty obligation in time, the warranty holder shall be liable for compensation.
If both the guarantor and the owner of the building or the employer are at fault for the damage to the building, they shall bear corresponding responsibilities.
第十九条当事人对建设工程的计价标准或者计价方法有约定的，按照约定结算工程价款。
因设计变更导致建设工程的工程量或者质量标准发生变化，当事人对该部分工程价款不能协商一致的，可以参照签订建设工程施工合同时当地建设行政主管部门发布的计价方法或者计价标准结算工程价款。
建设工程施工合同有效，但建设工程经竣工验收不合格的，依照民法典第五百七十七条规定处理。
Article 19 If the parties have an agreement on the pricing standard or method of a construction project, the project price shall be settled in accordance with the agreement.
If the quantity or quality standard of the construction project changes due to the design change, and the parties cannot reach an agreement on the project price, the project price can be settled by referring to the pricing method or pricing standard issued by the local construction administrative department at the time of signing the construction contract.
If the construction contract of a construction project is valid, but the construction project fails to pass the completion acceptance, it shall be dealt with in accordance with Article 577 of the Civil Code.
第二十条当事人对工程量有争议的，按照施工过程中形成的签证等书面文件确认。承包人能够证明发包人同意其施工，但未能提供签证文件证明工程量发生的，可以按照当事人提供的其他证据确认实际发生的工程量。
Article 20 if the parties have disputes over the quantities of works, they shall confirm them in accordance with the written documents such as the visa formed during the construction process. If the contractor can prove that the employer agrees with the construction, but fails to provide the visa documents to prove the quantity of works, he can confirm the actual quantity of works according to other evidence provided by the parties.
第二十一条当事人约定，发包人收到竣工结算文件后，在约定期限内不予答复，视为认可竣工结算文件的，按照约定处理。承包人请求按照竣工结算文件结算工程价款的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 21 the parties agree that if the employer fails to reply within the agreed time limit after receiving the completion settlement documents, it shall be deemed to have approved the completion settlement documents, and it shall be handled in accordance with the agreement. If the contractor requests to settle the project price according to the completion settlement documents, the people's court shall support it.
第二十二条当事人签订的建设工程施工合同与招标文件、投标文件、中标通知书载明的工程范围、建设工期、工程质量、工程价款不一致，一方当事人请求将招标文件、投标文件、中标通知书作为结算工程价款的依据的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 22 If the construction contract for a construction project signed by the parties is inconsistent with the scope of the project, the construction period, the quality of the project and the project price specified in the tender documents, the tender documents and the letter of acceptance, and if one party requests that the tender documents, the tender documents and the letter of acceptance be used as the basis for settling the project price, the people's court shall support it.
第二十三条发包人将依法不属于必须招标的建设工程进行招标后，与承包人另行订立的建设工程施工合同背离中标合同的实质性内容，当事人请求以中标合同作为结算建设工程价款依据的，人民法院应予支持，但发包人与承包人因客观情况发生了在招标投标时难以预见的变化而另行订立建设工程施工合同的除外。
Article 23 If a construction contract for a construction project concluded separately by an employer and a contractor after bidding for a construction project that is not subject to bidding according to law deviates from the substantive content of the winning contract, and the party concerned requests that the winning contract be used as the basis for settling the price of the construction project, the people's court shall support it; however, unless a construction contract for a construction project is separately concluded due to the changes of objective circumstances which are difficult for the employer and the contractor to foresee.
第二十四条当事人就同一建设工程订立的数份建设工程施工合同均无效，但建设工程质量合格，一方当事人请求参照实际履行的合同关于工程价款的约定折价补偿承包人的，人民法院应予支持。
实际履行的合同难以确定，当事人请求参照最后签订的合同关于工程价款的约定折价补偿承包人的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 24 If several construction contracts concluded by the parties for the same construction project are invalid, but the quality of the construction project is up to standard, and one party requests to compensate the contractor according to the agreement on the project price in the contract actually performed, the people's court shall support it.
If it is difficult to determine the contract actually performed, and the parties request to compensate the contractor according to the agreement on the project price in the final contract, the people's court shall support it.
第二十五条当事人对垫资和垫资利息有约定，承包人请求按照约定返还垫资及其利息的，人民法院应予支持，但是约定的利息计算标准高于垫资时的同类贷款利率或者同期贷款市场报价利率的部分除外。
当事人对垫资没有约定的，按照工程欠款处理。
当事人对垫资利息没有约定，承包人请求支付利息的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 25 If the parties have an agreement on the advance money and the interest of the advance money, and the contractor requests to return the advance money and the interest in accordance with the agreement, the people's court shall support it, except for the part where the agreed interest calculation standard is higher than the interest rate of the same kind of loan at the time of advance money or the interest rate quoted in the loan market at the same period.
If the parties have no agreement on the advance payment, it shall be handled according to the arrears of the project.
The people's court will not support the Contractor's request to pay the interest if the parties have not agreed on the advance interest.
第二十六条当事人对欠付工程价款利息计付标准有约定的，按照约定处理。没有约定的，按照同期同类贷款利率或者同期贷款市场报价利率计息。
Article 26 If the parties have agreed on the standard for calculating and paying the interest on the outstanding project price, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the agreement. If there is no agreement, the interest shall be calculated according to the interest rate of similar loans in the same period or the quoted interest rate in the loan market in the same period.
第二十七条利息从应付工程价款之日开始计付。当事人对付款时间没有约定或者约定不明的，下列时间视为应付款时间：
（一）建设工程已实际交付的，为交付之日；
（二）建设工程没有交付的，为提交竣工结算文件之日；
（三）建设工程未交付，工程价款也未结算的，为当事人起诉之日。
Article 27 the interest shall be calculated and paid from the date when the project price is payable. If the parties have not agreed on the time of payment or the agreement is unclear, the following time shall be regarded as the time of payment:
（1） If the construction project has been actually delivered, it shall be the date of delivery;
（2） If the construction project is not delivered, it shall be the date when the completion settlement documents are submitted;
（3） If the construction project has not been delivered and the project price has not been settled, it shall be the date when the party concerned files a lawsuit.
第二十八条当事人约定按照固定价结算工程价款，一方当事人请求对建设工程造价进行鉴定的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 28 If the parties agree to settle the project price at a fixed price, and one party requests to appraise the construction project cost, the people's court will not support it.
第二十九条当事人在诉讼前已经对建设工程价款结算达成协议，诉讼中一方当事人申请对工程造价进行鉴定的，人民法院不予准许。
Article 29 If the parties have concluded an agreement on the settlement of the construction project price before the litigation, and one party applies for the appraisal of the project cost in the litigation, the people's court shall not allow it.
第三十条当事人在诉讼前共同委托有关机构、人员对建设工程造价出具咨询意见，诉讼中一方当事人不认可该咨询意见申请鉴定的，人民法院应予准许，但双方当事人明确表示受该咨询意见约束的除外。
Article 30 if the parties jointly entrust the relevant institutions and personnel to issue an advisory opinion on the cost of a construction project before the litigation, and one party in the litigation does not accept the advisory opinion and applies for appraisal, the people's court shall allow it, unless both parties explicitly indicate that they are bound by the advisory opinion.
第三十一条当事人对部分案件事实有争议的，仅对有争议的事实进行鉴定，但争议事实范围不能确定，或者双方当事人请求对全部事实鉴定的除外。
Article 31 If the parties dispute part of the facts of a case, only the facts in dispute shall be identified, except that the scope of the facts in dispute cannot be determined, or both parties request that all the facts be identified.
第三十二条当事人对工程造价、质量、修复费用等专门性问题有争议，人民法院认为需要鉴定的，应当向负有举证责任的当事人释明。当事人经释明未申请鉴定，虽申请鉴定但未支付鉴定费用或者拒不提供相关材料的，应当承担举证不能的法律后果。
一审诉讼中负有举证责任的当事人未申请鉴定，虽申请鉴定但未支付鉴定费用或者拒不提供相关材料，二审诉讼中申请鉴定，人民法院认为确有必要的，应当依照民事诉讼法第一百七十条第一款第三项的规定处理。
Article 32 If the parties have disputes over such special issues as project cost, quality and repair cost, and the people's court considers it necessary to make an appraisal, it shall explain to the party who bears the burden of proof. If a party fails to apply for appraisal after explanation, fails to pay the appraisal fee or refuses to provide relevant materials even though he applies for appraisal, he shall bear the legal consequences of failing to provide evidence.
If the party who has the burden of proof in the litigation of the first instance fails to apply for appraisal, fails to pay the appraisal fee or refuses to provide relevant materials although applying for appraisal, and the people's court considers it necessary to apply for appraisal in the litigation of the second instance, it shall deal with it in accordance with the provisions of section 3, paragraph 1, Article 170 of the civil procedure law.
第三十三条人民法院准许当事人的鉴定申请后，应当根据当事人申请及查明案件事实的需要，确定委托鉴定的事项、范围、鉴定期限等，并组织当事人对争议的鉴定材料进行质证。
Article 33 after the people's court has approved the parties' application for expert testimony, it shall, according to the needs of the parties' application and the fact finding of the case, determine the matters, scope and time limit of the entrusted expert testimony, and organize the parties to cross examine the disputed expert testimony materials.
第三十四条人民法院应当组织当事人对鉴定意见进行质证。鉴定人将当事人有争议且未经质证的材料作为鉴定依据的，人民法院应当组织当事人就该部分材料进行质证。经质证认为不能作为鉴定依据的，根据该材料作出的鉴定意见不得作为认定案件事实的依据。
Article 34 The People's court shall organize the parties to cross examine the expert opinions. If the appraiser takes the disputed materials of the parties without cross examination as the basis for appraisal, the people's court shall organize the parties to cross examine such materials. If, after cross examination, it is considered that it cannot be used as the basis for appraisal, the appraisal opinions made on the basis of the materials shall not be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case.
第三十五条 与发包人订立建设工程施工合同的承包人，依据民法典第八百零七条的规定请求其承建工程的价款就工程折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 35 If a contractor who has entered into a construction contract with an employer for a construction project, in accordance with the provisions of article 807 of the Civil Code, requests that the project liquidation or auction price of the construction project he has undertaken be paid to it in priority, the people's court shall support it.
第三十六条承包人根据民法典第八百零七条规定享有的建设工程价款优先受偿权优于抵押权和其他债权。
Article 36 in accordance with Article 807 of the Civil Code, the Contractor's priority right to compensation for the construction project price is superior to the mortgage and other creditor's rights.
第三十七条装饰装修工程具备折价或者拍卖条件，装饰装修工程的承包人请求工程价款就该装饰装修工程折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 37 If a decoration project meets the conditions for liquidation or auction, and the contractor of the decoration project requests the liquidation or auction price of the decoration project to be paid to it in priority, the people's court shall support it.
第三十八条建设工程质量合格，承包人请求其承建工程的价款就工程折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 38 If the quality of a construction project is up to the standard, the people's court shall support the Contractor's claim that the project liquidation or auction price of the construction project he has undertaken should be paid to it in priority.
第三十九条未竣工的建设工程质量合格，承包人请求其承建工程的价款就其承建工程部分折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 39 If the quality of an uncompleted construction project is up to the standard, and the contractor requests that the partial liquidation or auction price of the construction project to be paid to it in priority, the people's court shall support it.
第四十条承包人建设工程价款优先受偿的范围依照国务院有关行政主管部门关于建设工程价款范围的规定确定。
承包人就逾期支付建设工程价款的利息、违约金、损害赔偿金等主张优先受偿的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 40 the scope of priority compensation for the construction project of a contractor shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the relevant administrative department of the State Council on the scope of the construction project price.
The people's court shall not support the claim that the Contractor shall have priority in the payment of interest, liquidated damages and damages for overdue payment of construction project price.
第四十一条承包人应当在合理期限内行使建设工程价款优先受偿权，但最长不得超过十八个月，自发包人应当给付建设工程价款之日起算。
Article 41 the Contractor shall, within a reasonable period of time, exercise the priority of compensation for the construction project price, but the longest period shall not exceed 18 months, counting from the date when the Contractor shall pay the construction project price.
第四十二条发包人与承包人约定放弃或者限制建设工程价款优先受偿权，损害建筑工人利益，发包人根据该约定主张承包人不享有建设工程价款优先受偿权的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 42 If an employer and a contractor agree to give up or restrict the priority right to compensation for the construction project price, thus damaging the interests of construction workers, and the employer claims that the Contractor does not enjoy the priority right to compensation for the construction project price according to the agreement, the people's court shall not support it.
第四十三条实际施工人以转包人、违法分包人为被告起诉的，人民法院应当依法受理。
实际施工人以发包人为被告主张权利的，人民法院应当追加转包人或者违法分包人为本案第三人，在查明发包人欠付转包人或者违法分包人建设工程价款的数额后，判决发包人在欠付建设工程价款范围内对实际施工人承担责任。
Article 43 If the actual constructor brings a lawsuit against the wholly-subcontractor or illegal subcontractor as the defendant, the people's court shall accept it according to law.
If the actual constructor claims rights against the employer as the defendant, the people's court shall add the wholly-subcontractor or illegal subcontractor as the third party in the case, and after finding out the amount of the construction project price owed by the employer to the wholly-subcontractor or illegal subcontractor, the court should judge the employer to be responsible for the actual constructor within the scope of the construction project price owed.
第四十四条实际施工人依据民法典第五百三十五条规定，以转包人或者违法分包人怠于向发包人行使到期债权或者与该债权有关的从权利，影响其到期债权实现，提起代位权诉讼的，人民法院应予支持。
Article 44 in accordance with Article 535 of the Civil Code, if the actual constructor brings a suit of subrogation because the wholly-subcontractor or illegal subcontractor is negligent in exercising the due creditor's rights or subordinate rights related to the creditor's rights to the employer, which affects the realization of the due creditor's rights, the people's court shall support it.
第四十五条本解释自2021年1月1日起施行。
Article 45 this interpretation shall come into force as of January 1, 2021.