2020-12-28 15:39:34
第六编 继 承
Part VI Succession
第一章 一 般 规 定
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
第一千一百一十九条 本编调整因继承产生的民事关系。
Article 119 This Part deals with civil relations arising out of succession.
第一千一百二十条 国家保护自然人的继承权。
Article 1120 The State protects the inheritance right of natural persons.
第一千一百二十一条 继承从被继承人死亡时开始。
Article 1121 Succession begins at the death of a decedent.
相互有继承关系的数人在同一事件中死亡，难以确定死亡时间的，推定没有其他继
承人的人先死亡。都有其他继承人，辈份不同的，推定长辈先死亡；辈份相同的，推定
同时死亡，相互不发生继承。
If several persons who have inherited each other die in the same event and it is difficult to
determine the time of death, it shall be presumed that the person without any other successor dies
first. Where there are other successors and they are of different generations, the elder shall be
presumed to die first; if they are of the same generation, they shall be presumed to die at the
same time and no succession shall occur to each other.
第一千一百二十二条 遗产是自然人死亡时遗留的个人合法财产。
Article 1122 The estate refers to the lawful personal property left over by a natural person upon
his death.
依照法律规定或者根据其性质不得继承的遗产，不得继承。
Estates whose inheritance is prohibited by law or by their nature shall not be inherited.
第一千一百二十三条
继承开始后，按照法定继承办理；有遗嘱的，按照遗嘱继承或者遗赠办理；有遗赠扶养协议
的，按照协议办理。
Article 1123 Succession shall, after it has commenced, be handled in accordance with statutory
succession provisions; where a will exists, it shall be handled in accordance with testamentary
succession or as legacy; where there is an agreement on legacy in return for support, the former shall
be handled in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
第一千一百二十四条
继承开始后，继承人放弃继承的，应当在遗产处理前，以书面形式作出放弃继承的表示；没
有表示的，视为接受继承。
Article 1124 A successor who, after the opening of succession, disclaims inheritance should
make known his decision in writing before the disposition of the estate; if he does not do so, he shall
be deemed to have accepted the succession.
受遗赠人应当在知道受遗赠后六十日内，作出接受或者放弃受遗赠的表示；到期没
有表示的，视为放弃受遗赠。
A legatee should, within 60 days from the time he learns of the legacy, indicate whether he
accepts it or disclaims it; in the absence of such indication within the specified period of time, he
is deemed to have disclaimed the legacy.
第一千一百二十五条 继承人有下列行为之一的，丧失继承权：
Article 1125 A successor shall be disinherited upon his commission of any of the following
acts:
（一）故意杀害被继承人；
1. Intentionally killing the decedent;
（二）为争夺遗产而杀害其他继承人；
(II) killing any other successor in a dispute over the estate;
（三）遗弃被继承人，或者虐待被继承人情节严重；
(III) the circumstances of abandoning or maltreating the decedent are serious; and
（四）伪造、篡改、隐匿或者销毁遗嘱，情节严重；
(IV) Forging, tampering with, concealing or destroying the will in serious circumstances;
（五）以欺诈、胁迫手段迫使或者妨碍被继承人设立、变更或者撤回遗嘱，情节严
重。
(V) Compelling or obstructing the making, alteration or withdrawal of a will by fraud or
coercion where the circumstances are serious.
继承人有前款第三项至第五项行为，确有悔改表现，被继承人表示宽恕或者事后在
遗嘱中将其列为继承人的，该继承人不丧失继承权。
Where a successor commits any act specified in Items 3 to 5 of the preceding paragraph and
shows true repentance, and the decedent expresses forgiveness or is listed as a successor in his
will, the successor shall not lose the right of succession.
受遗赠人有本条第一款规定行为的，丧失受遗赠权。
A legatee who commits any act specified in the first paragraph of this Article shall lose the
right to legacy.
第二章 法 定 继 承
CHAPTER 2 — LEGAL SUCCESSION
第一千一百二十六条 继承权男女平等。
Article 1126 Men and women are equal in their right to inheritance.
第一千一百二十七条 遗产按照下列顺序继承：
Article 1127 Estates shall be inherited in the following order of priority:
（一）第一顺序：配偶、子女、父母；
1. The first sequence: the spouse, children, parents;
（二）第二顺序：兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母。
(II) Second in line: brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal grandparents.
继承开始后，由第一顺序继承人继承，第二顺序继承人不继承；没有第一顺序继承
人继承的，由第二顺序继承人继承。
When succession commences, the successor (s) first in order shall inherit to the exclusion
of the successor (s) second in order; in the absence of any successor first in order, the successor
(s) second in order shall inherit to the exclusion of the successor (s).
本编所称子女，包括婚生子女、非婚生子女、养子女和有扶养关系的继子女。
For the purposes of this Part, "children" shall include children born in wedlock, children
born out of wedlock, adopted children and dependent stepchildren.
本编所称父母，包括生父母、养父母和有扶养关系的继父母。
For the purposes of this Part, the term "parents" includes biological parents, adoptive
parents and dependent stepparents.
本编所称兄弟姐妹，包括同父母的兄弟姐妹、同父异母或者同母异父的兄弟姐妹、
养兄弟姐妹、有扶养关系的继兄弟姐妹。
The term "brothers and sisters" as mentioned in this Part includes brothers and sisters with
the same parents, half brothers and sisters, adopted brothers and sisters, as well as step-brothers
and step-sisters in maintenance relationship.
第一千一百二十八条
被继承人的子女先于被继承人死亡的，由被继承人的子女的直系晚辈血亲代位继承。
Article 1128 Where a decedent survives any child of his, the direct lineal descendants of the
decedent shall inherit the child in subrogation.
被继承人的兄弟姐妹先于被继承人死亡的，由被继承人的兄弟姐妹的子女代位继承。
Where a decedent's brother or sister dies before his, the child (s) of the decedent's brother or
sister shall inherit in subrogation.
代位继承人一般只能继承被代位继承人有权继承的遗产份额。
Descendants who inherit in subrogation generally shall take only the share of the estate to
which the descendant is entitled.
第一千一百二十九条
丧偶儿媳对公婆，丧偶女婿对岳父母，尽了主要赡养义务的，作为第一顺序继承人。
Article 1129 Widowed daughters-in-law or sons-in-law who have made the predominant
contributions in supporting their parents-in-law shall, in relation to their parents-in-law, be regarded
as successors first in line.
第一千一百三十条 同一顺序继承人继承遗产的份额，一般应当均等。
Article 1130 Successors belonging to the same order shall, in general, inherit in equal shares.
对生活有特殊困难又缺乏劳动能力的继承人，分配遗产时，应当予以照顾。
At the time an estate is distributed, due consideration shall be given to successors who face
special financial difficulties and are unable to work.
对被继承人尽了主要扶养义务或者与被继承人共同生活的继承人，分配遗产时，可
以多分。
At the time an estate is distributed, successors who have made the predominant contribution
in supporting the decedent or have lived with the decedent may be given a larger share.
有扶养能力和有扶养条件的继承人，不尽扶养义务的，分配遗产时，应当不分或者
少分。
At the time an estate is distributed, successors who had the ability and were in a position to
support the decedent but failed to fulfill their duties shall be given no share or a smaller share of
the estate.
继承人协商同意的，也可以不均等。
Successors may take unequal shares if an agreement to that effect is reached among them.
第一千一百三十一条
对继承人以外的依靠被继承人扶养的人，或者继承人以外的对被继承人扶养较多的人，可以
分给适当的遗产。
Article 1131 An appropriate share of the estate may be given to a person, other than a
successor, who depended on the support of the decedent, or to a person, other than a successor, who
was largely responsible for supporting the decedent.
第一千一百三十二条 继承人应当本着互谅互让、和睦团结的精神，协商处理继承问题。
遗产分割的时间、办法和份额，由继承人协商确定；协商不成的，可以由人民调解委员
会调解或者向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 132 Succession issues should be dealt with through consultation by and among
successors in the spirit of mutual understanding, mutual accommodation, amity and unity. The
timing of and method for partitioning an estate and the shares into which it is divided shall be
determined by the successors through consultation; where consultation fails, the people's mediation
committee may conduct mediation or institute legal proceedings in a people's court.
第三章 遗嘱继承和遗赠
Chapter 3 Testamentary Succession and Legacy
第一千一百三十三条
自然人可以依照本法规定立遗嘱处分个人财产，并可以指定遗嘱执行人。
Article 133 A natural person may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions
of this Law, dispose of his personal property and appoint a testamentary executor for that purpose.
自然人可以立遗嘱将个人财产指定由法定继承人中的一人或者数人继承。
A natural person may, in making a will, designate one or more of the statutory successors to
inherit his personal property.
自然人可以立遗嘱将个人财产赠与国家、集体或者法定继承人以外的组织、个人。
A natural person may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the State or a
collective, or to an organization or individual other than his statutory successors.
自然人可以依法设立遗嘱信托。
A natural person may establish testamentary trusts in accordance with the law.
第一千一百三十四条 自书遗嘱由遗嘱人亲笔书写，签名，注明年、月、日。
Article 134 A testator -written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and signed by
him, specifying the date on which it is made.
第一千一百三十五条
代书遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证，由其中一人代书，并由遗嘱人、代书人和其他见证人签名，注明年、月、日。
Article 1135 A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more
witnesses, of whom one writes the will which shall be signed by the testator, the person who writes
the will on behalf of the testator and other witnesses and dated.
第一千一百三十六条 打印遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。遗嘱人和见证人应当
在遗嘱每一页签名，注明年、月、日。
Article 1136 Two or more witnesses shall be present at the scene when a will is printed. The
testator and the witness shall sign their names on each page of the will, indicating the date, month
and year.
第一千一百三十七条
以录音录像形式立的遗嘱，应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。遗嘱人和见证人应当在录音录
像中记录其姓名或者肖像，以及年、月、日。
Article 1137 A will made in the form of a sound recording and video recording shall be
witnessed by two or more eyewitnesses. The testator and witness shall record their names or portraits,
and the date, month and year in the audio and video recordings.
第一千一百三十八条 遗嘱人在危急情况下，可以立口头遗嘱。口头遗嘱应当有两个以
上见证人在场见证。危急情况消除后，遗嘱人能够以书面或者录音录像形式立遗嘱的，
所立的口头遗嘱无效。
Article 1138 A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will. A will that is
made orally shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergency situation no longer
exists and the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the form of a sound recording or video
recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall become null and void.
第一千一百三十九条 公证遗嘱由遗嘱人经公证机构办理。
Article 1139 A notarial will is one made by a testator through a notary agency.
第一千一百四十条 下列人员不能作为遗嘱见证人：
Article 1140 None of the following persons shall act as a witness to a will:
（一）无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人以及其他不具有见证能力的人；
1. the persons having no capacity for civil conduct, the persons having limited capacity for
civil conduct and other persons having no witness capacity;
（二）继承人、受遗赠人；
(II) Successors and legatees; and
（三）与继承人、受遗赠人有利害关系的人。
(III) Persons whose interests are related to those of any successor or legatee.
第一千一百四十一条
遗嘱应当为缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人保留必要的遗产份额。
Article 1141 Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a
successor who neither can work nor has a source of income.
第一千一百四十二条 遗嘱人可以撤回、变更自己所立的遗嘱。
Article 1142 A testator may withdraw or alter a will he has previously made.
立遗嘱后，遗嘱人实施与遗嘱内容相反的民事法律行为的，视为对遗嘱相关内容的
撤回。
Where the testator performs the civil juristic acts that are contrary to the contents of the will
after the making of the will, it shall be deemed as withdrawal of relevant contents of the will.
立有数份遗嘱，内容相抵触的，以最后的遗嘱为准。
Where several wills have been made and their contents contradict each other, the last one
shall prevail.
第一千一百四十三条 无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人所立的遗嘱无效。
Article 143 Wills made by persons with no capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity
for civil conduct shall be null and void.
遗嘱必须表示遗嘱人的真实意思，受欺诈、胁迫所立的遗嘱无效。
Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testator; those made under fraud or duress
shall be void.
伪造的遗嘱无效。
A forged will is void.
遗嘱被篡改的，篡改的内容无效。
Where a will has been tampered with, the affected parts of it shall be void.
第一千一百四十四条 遗嘱继承或者遗赠附有义务的，继承人或者受遗赠人应当履行义
务。没有正当理由不履行义务的，经利害关系人或者有关组织请求，人民法院可以取消
其接受附义务部分遗产的权利。
Article 1144 Where there are obligations attached to testamentary succession or legacy, the
successor or legatee shall perform such obligations. Where any party fails to perform his obligations
without any justified reason, the people's court may, upon request by the interested party or relevant
organization, cancel his right to accept a part of the estate subject to collateral obligations.
第四章 遗产的处理
Chapter 4 Disposition of Estates
第一千一百四十五条
继承开始后，遗嘱执行人为遗产管理人；没有遗嘱执行人的，继承人应当及时推选遗产管理
人；继承人未推选的，由继承人共同担任遗产管理人；没有继承人或者继承人均放弃继承的
，由被继承人生前住所地的民政部门或者村民委员会担任遗产管理人。
Article 1145 After the commencement of succession, a testamentary executor shall be the estate manager; where there is no testamentary executor, a successor shall promptly elect an estate
manager; where no successor has elected a successor, the successors shall jointly act as the estate
manager; where there is no successor or the successors have abandoned the succession, the civil
affairs department or villagers' committee of the decedent's place of domicile shall act as the estate
manager.
第一千一百四十六条
对遗产管理人的确定有争议的，利害关系人可以向人民法院申请指定遗产管理人。
Article 1146 Where there is any dispute over the determination of the administrator, any
interested party may apply to the People's Court for the appointment of the administrator.
第一千一百四十七条 遗产管理人应当履行下列职责：
Article 1147 A legacy administrator shall perform the following duties and responsibilities:
（一）清理遗产并制作遗产清单；
1. clearing the property and preparing a list of the property;
（二）向继承人报告遗产情况；
(II) To report the situation of the estate to the inheritor;
（三）采取必要措施防止遗产毁损、灭失；
(III) Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent damage or loss of the estate; and
（四）处理被继承人的债权债务；
(IV) Dealing with the credits and debts of the decedent;
（五）按照遗嘱或者依照法律规定分割遗产；
(V) Partition of the estate according to the will or the provisions of the law;
（六）实施与管理遗产有关的其他必要行为。
(VI) performing other acts necessary for the management of the estate.
第一千一百四十八条
遗产管理人应当依法履行职责，因故意或者重大过失造成继承人、受遗赠人、债权人损害的
，应当承担民事责任。
Article 1148 A legacy administrator shall perform its duties in accordance with the law, and
shall bear civil liability for any damage caused to successors, legatees or creditors either intentionally
or by gross negligence.
第一千一百四十九条 遗产管理人可以依照法律规定或者按照约定获得报酬。
Article 1149 The estate administrator may receive remuneration in accordance with legal
provisions or the terms of the contract.
第一千一百五十条 继承开始后，知道被继承人死亡的继承人应当及时通知其他继承
人和遗嘱执行人。继承人中无人知道被继承人死亡或者知道被继承人死亡而不能通知的，
由被继承人生前所在单位或者住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会负责通知。
Article 1150 After the opening of succession, a successor who has knowledge of the death
should promptly notify the other successors and the testamentary executor. If none of the successors
knows about the death or if there is no way to make the notification, the organization to which the
decedent belonged before his death or the residents' committee or villagers' committee at his place of residence shall make the notification.
第一千一百五十一条
存有遗产的人，应当妥善保管遗产，任何组织或者个人不得侵吞或者争抢。
Article 1151 Any person who has in his possession any property of the decedent shall take
good care of such property and no organization or individual shall misappropriate it or contend for it.
第一千一百五十二条
继承开始后，继承人于遗产分割前死亡，并没有放弃继承的，该继承人应当继承的遗产转给
其继承人，但是遗嘱另有安排的除外。
Article 1152 Where, after succession begins, a successor dies before the partition of the estate
and does not relinquish the inheritance, the estate which should have been inherited by the successor
shall be transferred to the successor, unless the will provides otherwise.
第一千一百五十三条
夫妻共同所有的财产，除有约定的外，遗产分割时，应当先将共同所有的财产的一半分出为
配偶所有，其余的为被继承人的遗产。
Article 1153 At the time a decedent's estate is partitioned, half of the joint property owned by
the spouses in common shall, unless otherwise agreed upon, be first allotted to the surviving spouse
as his or her own property; the remainder shall constitute the decedent's estate.
遗产在家庭共有财产之中的，遗产分割时，应当先分出他人的财产。
If the decedent's estate forms part of the common property of his family, that portion of the
property belonging to the other members of his family shall first be separated at the time of the
partitioning of the decedent's estate.
第一千一百五十四条 有下列情形之一的，遗产中的有关部分按照法定继承办理：
Article 1154 Under any of the following circumstances, the affected part of the estate shall be
dealt with in accordance with statutory succession provisions:
（一）遗嘱继承人放弃继承或者受遗赠人放弃受遗赠；
1. Where a testamentary successor disclaims inheritance or a legatee disclaims legacy;
（二）遗嘱继承人丧失继承权或者受遗赠人丧失受遗赠权；
(II) Loss of the right of inheritance by a testamentary successor or loss of the right of
legacy by a legatee;
（三）遗嘱继承人、受遗赠人先于遗嘱人死亡或者终止；
(III) A testamentary successor or legatee dies or terminates before the testator;
（四）遗嘱无效部分所涉及的遗产；
(IV) Where an invalid will involves part of the estate; or
（五）遗嘱未处分的遗产。
(V) Legacy not disposed of under the will.
第一千一百五十五条 遗产分割时，应当保留胎儿的继承份额。胎儿娩出时是死体的，
保留的份额按照法定继承办理。
Article 1155 At the time an estate is partitioned, reservation shall be made for the share of any
unborn child. If the baby is born dead, the share reserved shall be dealt with in accordance with
statutory succession provisions.
第一千一百五十六条 遗产分割应当有利于生产和生活需要，不损害遗产的效用。
Article 156 The partitioning of a decedent's estate shall be conducted in a manner beneficial to
the requirements of production and livelihood; it shall not diminish the usefulness of the estate.
不宜分割的遗产，可以采取折价、适当补偿或者共有等方法处理。
Where the estate is unsuitable for partitioning, it may be disposed of by such means as price
evaluation, appropriate compensation or co-ownership.
第一千一百五十七条
夫妻一方死亡后另一方再婚的，有权处分所继承的财产，任何组织或者个人不得干涉。
Article 1157 Any surviving spouse who remarries shall be entitled to dispose of the property he
or she has inherited; no organization or individual may interfere with this right.
第一千一百五十八条 自然人可以与继承人以外的组织或者个人签订遗赠扶养协议。按
照协议，该组织或者个人承担该自然人生养死葬的义务，享有受遗赠的权利。
Article 1158 A natural person may enter into a legacy -support agreement with an organization
or individual other than a successor. In accordance with the agreement, the organization or individual
shall assume the obligation of maintenance of life and death and enjoy the right to legacy.
第一千一百五十九条
分割遗产，应当清偿被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务；但是，应当为缺乏劳动能力又没
有生活来源的继承人保留必要的遗产。
Article 1159 The decedent shall pay off all taxes and debts payable by him according to law
when the estate is partitioned; however, the estate shall be reserved for any successor who neither
can work nor has a source of income.
第一千一百六十条
无人继承又无人受遗赠的遗产，归国家所有，用于公益事业；死者生前是集体所有制组织成
员的，归所在集体所有制组织所有。
Article 1160 Any estate which is left with neither a successor nor a legatee shall be owned by
the state and used for public welfare undertakings; where the decedent was a member of an
organization under collective ownership before his death, such estate shall be owned by such
organization.
第一千一百六十一条
继承人以所得遗产实际价值为限清偿被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务。超过遗产实际价
值部分，继承人自愿偿还的不在此限。
Article 161 The successor shall pay off the taxes and debts payable by the decedent according
to law within the limit of the actual value of the estate obtained. Any amount in excess of the value
of the estate may be paid by the successors voluntarily.
继承人放弃继承的，对被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务可以不负清偿责任。
The successor who disclaims inheritance is not liable for the taxes and debts payable by the
decedent according to law.
第一千一百六十二条 执行遗赠不得妨碍清偿遗赠人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务。
Article 162 The carrying out of a legacy shall not affect the payment of taxes and debts payable by the legator according to law.
第一千一百六十三条
既有法定继承又有遗嘱继承、遗赠的，由法定继承人清偿被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债
务；超过法定继承遗产实际价值部分，由遗嘱继承人和受遗赠人按比例以所得遗产清偿。
Article 163 Where there are both statutory inheritance and testamentary inheritance or
legacy, the statutory successor shall pay off the taxes and debts payable by the decedent
according to law; the portion in excess of the actual value of the legally inherited property shall be paid off by the testamentary successor and the legatee according to the proportion of the property acquired.